What authority does a commissioned officer derive from?

A commissioned officer derives their authority primarily from a sovereign authority. In military contexts, this sovereign authority refers to the state or government that grants the commission, which is essentially a formal approval and recognition of the officer's right to command and make decisions on behalf of the armed forces. This authority is deeply rooted in the constitutional and legal framework of the country and is reflected in the commission document that appoints the officer.

This means that the officer's power is not self-derived or dependent on personal relationships but comes from the legitimacy conferred by the state. This ensures a clear and structured hierarchy within the military, promoting order, discipline, and accountability within the ranks. The officer's responsibilities and the expectations placed upon them align with this sovereign authority, ensuring they act in the best interest of national security and military effectiveness.