Which countries have NATO been involved with militarily?

The involvement of NATO with countries such as Afghanistan and Iraq is significant because it reflects the Alliance's role in international military operations and peacekeeping missions. NATO's engagement in Afghanistan began in 2001, following the 9/11 attacks, with the goal of combating terrorism and helping to stabilise the country. This operation was part of a broader global fight against terrorism and demonstrated NATO's commitment to collective security under Article 5 of the Washington Treaty.

In Iraq, NATO's participation was focused on training and assisting the Iraqi security forces after the regime change in 2003. Through various missions, NATO aimed to support the establishment of a stable and democratic Iraq, enhancing security and contributing to the rebuilding of the nation.

The choices of Austria and Switzerland, North Korea and Iran, and South Africa and Brazil do not align with the historical and operational context of NATO's military engagements. Austria and Switzerland are traditionally neutral countries and are not members of NATO. Meanwhile, while North Korea and Iran are often discussed in the context of global security concerns, NATO has not engaged them militarily in the same formal capacity as it has with Afghanistan and Iraq. Lastly, South Africa and Brazil have also not been the focus of NATO military operations, as NATO's mandates have generally